-Leslie Mann
A new
vaccine from Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health lets dog owners protect their four-legged friends from this illness. Conditionally licensed in May by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for dogs age 6 weeks and older, the vaccine includes two injections, then an annual booster.
Full licensure may follow, pending further studies. The vaccine was tested on 746 dogs from 30 breeds, age 6 weeks to 10 years. No side effects resulted, Intervet says."It's a 'lifestyle vaccine' for dogs who are in communal places such as dog parks, day care, shows, boarding kennels, spas," said veterinarian Cynda Crawford, who identified the canine influenza virus in 2004 with veterinarian Edward Dubovi from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University.
"Dogs who stay at home and just walk around the block are not at risk. Before 2004, it was thought that dogs were not susceptible to the influenza virus," said Crawford, who is a clinical assistant professor at the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Florida in Gainesville. "Then we saw it that year among racing greyhounds." The virus, known among scientists as H3N8, mutated from an equine virus, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Since 2004, thousands of cases have been laboratory-confirmed in 30 states and in the District of Columbia, Crawford said. The states that have been hit the hardest are Colorado, Florida, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.
A two-sample blood test, taken while the dog is sick and again two to three weeks later, confirms the virus.
Howeverm "It's still new, so we don't yet know about all the side effects, and most dogs recover from it if they do get it. So I wouldn't necessarily recommend it for every dog,".
The canine virus behaves a lot like human flu viruses, Crawford said. "The symptoms are similar -- coughing, runny nose, sneezing. And it spreads the same way, through direct contact," she said. Fortunately, she added, the virus is easily inactivated by washing hands, clothes and items such as dog bowls.
"While sick, the dog should be quarantined," Crawford said. "You should call your vet, but you have to let it run its course, just like when you have the flu."Only 10 to 20 percent of dogs that acquire canine flu progress to a more serious disease such as pneumonia, according to the CDC. Only 5 to 8 percent die.
Unlike the human flu, canine flu is not seasonal. Dogs in communal facilities can be vulnerable year round. The vaccine contains a "killed," not "live" virus, so it is a myth that it "causes the flu," Crawford said. She said the cost of the vaccine is on par with the commonly used distemper vaccine. Crawford said there is no evidence that humans or other pets can catch the canine flu. "But we know that cats can get influenza viruses from birds, so it is prudent to keep your cats away from your infected dog," she said, adding that canine flu is not linked to swine flu.